Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics Research
CBCT ® as a Research Intervention
CBCT® has been the subject of numerous formal research studies since its development in 2004. Early studies, led by Charles Raison, MD, suggested strongly that the practice of CBCT would positively influence key blood-based biomarkers of stress and inflammation. Later studies show that CBCT® may improve the ability to interpret facial expressions along with increasing activity in the parts of the brain associated with empathic reasoning.
A number of other special groups have enjoyed CBCT® and taken part in research projects, including veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder , parents of children with autism, depressed patients and their partners, neonatal intensive care unit nurses, transgender youth and their parents, and public school teachers. More than a dozen studies have been published to date, and the center continues to collaborate with psychiatrists, neuroscientists, public health professionals, and others in the investigation of CBCT®.
- Katherine Pfeiffer, Tim Cunningham, John N. Cranmer, Timothy Harrison, Hannah Crosby, Karla Schroeder, Dorothy Jordan, Caroline Coburn (2023). Changes in Posttraumatic Growth After a Virtual Contemplative Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. DOI: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001240.
- Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber, Luiza Hiromi Tanaka, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Ana Cristina Atanes, & Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza (2022). Effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training in the outskirts: A mixed study. SciELO Brasil. DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5691.3531.
- Boghuma K. Titanji, Mehul Tejani, Eugene W. Farber, C. Christina Mehta, Thaddeus W. Pace, Kathryn Meagley, Christina Gavegnano, Timothy Harrison, Caroline W. Kokubun, Satya Dev Negi, Raymond F. Schinazi & Vincent C. Marconi (2021). Cognitively-Based Compassion Training for HIV Immune Non-responders – An Attention-Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002874.
- Edgar González-Hernández, Daniel Campos, Rebeca Diego-Pedro, Rocío Romero, Rosa Baños, Lobsang Tenzin Negi & Ausias J. Cebolla (2021). Changes in the Semantic Construction of Compassion after the Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) in Women Breast Cancer Survivors. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2021.31.
- Marcia J. Ash, Elizabeth Reisinger Walker, Ralph J. DiClemente, Marianne P. Florian, Patricia K. Palmer, Kathryn Wehrmeyer, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, George H. Grant, Charles L. Raison & Jennifer S. Mascaro (2020). Compassion Meditation Training for Hospital Chaplain Residents: A Pilot Study, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy. DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2020.1723189
- Marcia Ash, Timothy Harrison, Melissa Pinto, Ralph DiClemente, Lobsang Tenzin Negi. (2019). A model for cognitively based compassion training: theoretical underpinnings and proposed mechanisms. Social Theory & Health. DOI: 10.1057/s41285-019-00124-x.
- Julie Poehlmann-Tynan, Ashleigh Engbretson, Abra B. Vigna, Lindsay A. Weymouth, Cynthia Burnson, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Amita Kapoor, Emily D. Gerstein, Kerrie A. Fanning, Charles L. Raison. (2019). Cognitively-Based Compassion Training for parents reduces cortisol in infants and young children.Infant Ment Health J: 1–17
- Samuel Fernández-Carriba, Marian González-García, Jessica Bradshaw, Scott Gillespie, Jenna Mendelson, Ela Jarzabek, C. Saulnier, Ami Klin, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, James Herndon. (2019). Learning to connect: a feasibility study of a mindfulness and compassion training for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Mental Health in Family Medicine. 15. 794.
- Shufang Sun, Alison M. Pickover, Simon B. Goldberg, Jabeene Bhimji, Julie K. Nguyen, Anna E. Evans, Bobbi Patterson, Nadine J. Kaslow. (2019). For Whom Does Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT) Work? An Analysis of Predictors and Moderators among African American Suicide Attempters. Mindfulness, 10: 2327-2340.
- Aguilar-Raab, C, Jarczok, M, Warth, M, Stoffel, M, Winter, F, Tieck, M, Berg, J, Negi, L, Harrison, T, Pace, T, Ditzen, B. (2018). Enhancing social interaction in depression (SIDE study): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a cognitively based compassion training (CBCT) for couples. BMJ Open, 8(9).
- Edgar Gonzalez-Hernandez, Rocio Romero, Daniel Campos, Diana Burichka, Rebeca Diego-Pedro, Rosa Baños, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, and Ausiàs Cebolla. (2018). Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT) in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 1-13.
- Ariel J. Lang, Pollyanna Casmar, Samantha Hurst, Timothy Harrison, Shahrokh Golshan, Raquel Good, Michael Essex, Lobsang Negi. (2017). Compassion Meditation for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): a Nonrandomized Study. Mindfulness. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0866-z.
- Jennifer S. Mascaro, Sean Kelley, Alana Darcher, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Carol Worthman, Andrew Miller & Charles Raison. (2016). Meditation buffers medical student compassion from the deleterious effects of depression. Journal of Positive Psychology. DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1233348.
- Sally E. Dodds, Thaddeus W. W. Pace, Melanie L. Bell, Mallorie Fiero, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Charles L. Raison, Karen L. Weihs. (2015). Feasibility of Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT) for breast cancer survivors: a randomized, wait list controlled pilot study. Support Care Cancer,23(12):3599–608. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2888-1.
- Sheethal D. Reddy, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Brooke Dodson-Lavelle, Brendan Ozawa-de Silva, Thaddeus W. W. Pace, Steve P. Cole, Charles L. Raison, Linda W. Craighead. (2013). Cognitive-Based Compassion Training: A Promising Prevention Strategy for At-Risk Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22: 219–230.
- Thaddeus W. W. Pace, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Brooke Dodson-Lavelle, Brendan Ozawa-de Silva, Sheethal D. Reddy, Steven P. Cole, Andrea Danese, Linda W. Craighead, Charles L. Raison. (2013). Engagement with Cognitively-Based Compassion Training is associated with reduced salivary C-reactive protein from before to after training in foster care program adolescents.Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38: 294–299.
- Gaëlle Desbordes, Lobsang T. Negi, Thaddeus W. W. Pace, B. Alan Wallace, Charles L. Raison, Eric L. Schwartz. (2012). Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6.
- Jennifer S. Mascaro, James K. Rilling, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, and Charles L. Raison. (2012). Compassion meditation enhances empathic accuracy and related neural activity. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8: 48–55.
- Brendan R. Ozawa-de Silva, Brooke Dodson-Lavelle, Charles L. Raison, Lobsang Tenzin Negi. (2012). Scientific and Practical Approaches to the Cultivation of Compassion as a Foundation for Ethical Subjectivity and Well-Being. Journal of Healthcare, Science, and the Humanities, 2:145-161.
- Pace, L. Negi, B. Donaldson-Lavelle, B. Ozawa-de Silva, S. Reddy, S. Cole, L. Craighead, C. Raison. (2012). Cognitively-Based Compassion Training reduces peripheral inflammation in adolescents in foster care with high rates of early life adversity. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(Suppl 1):175.
- Thaddeus W. W. Pace, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Teresa I. Sivilli, Michael J. Issa, Steven P. Cole, Daniel D. Adame, Charles L. Raison. (2010). Innate immune, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress do not predict subsequent compassion meditation practice time. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35:310–315.
- Thaddeus W. W. Pace, Lobsang Tenzin Negi, Daniel D. Adame, Steven P. Cole, Teresa I. Sivilli, Timothy D. Brown, Michael J. Issa, Charles L. Raison. (2009). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34: 87–98.
CBCT ® in Healthcare
CBCT® has been offered to numerous health care practitioners at institutions including the Emory School of Medicine, the University of Illinois College of Medicine–Peoria, Spiritual Health at Emory Healthcare, Northside Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, the Center for Mindfulness and Compassion at the Cambridge Health Alliance, and Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paolo, Brazil.
Compassion- Centered Spiritual Health ™
CBCT® is pleased to be collaborating with Spiritual Health at Emory Healthcare to develop a unique and innovative program, Compassion-Centered Spiritual Health, for the Emory hospital system and beyond. CCSH™ is a program to bolster the wellbeing, resilience, and compassion of healthcare patients and staff. CCSH™ augments existing spiritual health education and best practices with CBCT®. CCSH™ interventions are delivered by spiritual care professionals trained in both CBCT® and ACPE: The Standard in Spiritual Care and Education. In 2018, the Mind and Life Institute awarded their prestigious PEACE grant to the Emory CCSH team in order to research outcomes from training spiritual health providers in the Emory hospitals.
Education and Youth
CBCT® has been taught to public school teachers, primarily in the Atlanta Public Schools, since 2014, with promising outcomes helping people on the front lines of education sustain their resilience and resolve to help the young students they serve. CBCT® has also been offered to teens in foster care settings, with promising research outcomes.
CBCT® was adapted experimentally for elementary school students in 2009–2010 with promising initial outcomes. This effort since grew and developed into the center’s new K–12 program, SEE Learning (Social, Emotional and Ethical Learning), which was launched internationally in early 2019 in 25 countries and14 languages. For details about this exciting new compassion-centered program for youth and those who educate them, please visit the SEE Learning website. CBCT® is being offered to adults who work with kids and who train teachers for this novel and promising new program.
Other Relevant Publications on CBCT
- Gonzalez-Hernandez, E, Harrison, T, & Fernandez-Carriba, S. (2019). Chapter 5: CBCT®: A program of Cognitively-Based Compassion Training and Chapter 6: Sequential Skill Development in CBCT®. In Laura Galiana & Noemi Sanso (Eds), The Power of Compassion; Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- Fernandez-Carriba, S, & Bradshaw, J. (2018). Self-help for parents of children with autism: mindfulness and compassion. In M. Siller & M. Lindee (Eds.), Handbook of Parent-Implemented Interventions for Very Young Children with Autism (pp. 283-298). Cham: Springer.
- Mascaro, JS, Negi, LT, & Raison, CL. (2017). Cognitively Based Compassion Training: Gleaning Generalities from Specific Biological Effects. In Seppala, Simon-Thomas, Brown, Worline, Cameron, & Doty (Eds), Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Mascaro, J, Darcher, A, Negi, L, & Raison, C. (2015). The neural mediators of kindness-based meditation: a theoretical model. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 109.
- Desbordes, G, & Negi, L. (2013). A new era for mind studies: training investigators in both scientific and contemplative methods of inquiry. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 741.
- Ozawa-deSilva, B & Dodson-Lavelle, B. (2011). An education of heart and mind: Practical and theoretical issues in teaching cognitive-based compassion training to children. Practical Matters, 1, 1-28.